The best books about outrageous Nazi art thefts during World War II

If you want to know about art thefts in Europe during World War II, this is the book to read. This is the Bible!

Lynn Nicolas provides an exhaustive account of why the works were taken, where the looting took place, how it was done, how many artworks were plundered (the answer is in the hundreds of thousands), and what attempts were made after the war to recover the works and restore them to their owners.

I was awed by the extent of her research, which is truly groundbreaking. Before The Rape of Europa was published in 1994, little was known about the means and scale – and even the fact – of Nazi looting.  

Rose Valland is a largely unsung heroine of World War II. Her father was a blacksmith in a village near Grenoble, and art was the love of her life.

From 1940-1944, she was the only French curator at the Jeu de Paume, the museum where the Nazis stored artworks looted from Jewish households. At the risk of her life, she noted the name of each painting, the artist, the provenance, and—crucially—its destination.

The Jeu de Paume was a transit point for artworks on their way to Germany. Rose wrote everything down. At the end of the war, her notes were invaluable in helping to track down the stolen works.

Without the Monuments Men, the artworks plundered by the Nazis might never have been recovered. A lot might still be missing.

The Monuments Men were art experts, scholars, and historians who had volunteered for a specially-formed military unit. They followed the Allied armies through Europe and made sure no historical monuments or irreplaceable artworks were inadvertently destroyed. Using Rose Valland’s notes from the Jeu de Paume, they tracked down stolen treasures in castles, monasteries, and even a salt mine!

Engaging and well-written, this book is a must-read. I borrowed it from the library, but ended up buying my own copy. I had to have it!

Adam von Trott was a Prussian aristocrat who studied at Oxford, worked for the German resistance, and was executed by the Nazis in August 1944. I discovered Trott when I was researching wartime Berlin. Christopher Sykes’ biography gives a fascinating portrait of an intense and charming man. His deep loyalty to Germany led him to oppose its government, attempt to reach an understanding with its enemies and participate in an effort to kill its leader.

Adam and his contradictions continue to intrigue me – and I’m not the only one! He pops up regularly in other people’s novels under various aliases: as Hartmann in Robert Harris’ Munich, for instance, and as Axel von Gottberg in Justin Cartwright’s The Song Before It Is Sung.  

Christabel Bielenberg was Anglo-Irish, her husband was a German lawyer, and they were close friends of Adam von Trott and other German oppositionists. Christabel was in Germany throughout the war, and her book gives an absorbing account of daily life in the Third Reich.

It was a dangerous world. How do you stop your child from telling the Nazi gardener that his mother listens to the radio with her ear pressed against the set? What do you do when a friend says something imprudent? How do you react when a homeless Jewish couple asks for shelter? When your husband is in prison, what do you say to the Gestapo officer in charge of his case?

I was thoroughly drawn in.  Christabel felt like someone I could have been friends with.